An aneurysm is a bulge in the wall of a blood vessel, most often an artery. It is caused by weakening of the vessel wall. Aneurysms can be fatal if they rupture, causing massive internal bleeding. Symptoms of an aneurysm can include abdominal or chest pain, nausea, and vomiting. Diagnosis is usually made with an imaging test such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Treatment for an aneurysm may involve surgical repair or placement of a stent graft, or a flow-diverting device to reduce the risk of rupture.
Varicose veins are swollen and twisted veins that are visible on the surface of the skin. They most commonly occur in the legs and feet, and are caused by weak valves in the veins. Symptoms include aching, cramping, and swelling in the legs. Diagnosis is usually made with an ultrasound. Treatment for varicose veins may include lifestyle changes, compression stockings, sclerotherapy, or surgery.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition in which a blood clot forms in a deep vein in the body, usually the leg. Symptoms of DVT can include pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area. Diagnosis is usually made with imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scan. Treatment for DVT includes anticoagulants, thrombolytic medications, and sometimes surgery.
Lymphedema is a condition in which the lymphatic system becomes blocked, causing fluid to build up in the tissues. Symptoms of lymphedema can include swelling, pain, and skin changes. Diagnosis is usually made with an imaging test such as an ultrasound or CT scan. Treatment for lymphedema may include lifestyle changes, compression stockings, and surgery.